ASM Journals - Low levels of influenza H5N1 HA and NA antibodies in the human population are boosted by seasonal H1N1 infection but not by H3N2 infection or influenza vaccination https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02145-25
ASM Journals - Case Reports - One confirmed and one potential human case of influenza A(H5N1) detected through an expanded subtyping protocol - https://doi.org/10.1128/asmcr.00165-25
ASM - Journal of Virology - Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in retail dairy products in the US - https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00881-24
bioRxiv - Detection and isolation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza virus from ticks (Ornithodoros maritimus) recovered from a naturally infected slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei) - https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.28.689408
bioRxiv - Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple sources of H5N1 transmission - https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.31.666798
BMC Public Health - Modelling a potential zoonotic spillover event of H5N1 influenza - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-025-25358-5
CDC - Emerging Infectious Diseases - Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Poultry Farm Workers, Washington, USA, 2024 - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/12/25-1118_article
ECDC - Scenarios for pre-pandemic zoonotic influenza preparedness and response - https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/scenarios-pre-pandemic-zoonotic-influenza-preparedness-and-response
Frontiers in Immunology - T cell immunity to seasonal Influenza A and H5N1 viruses in laboratory workers receiving annual seasonal Influenza vaccines - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1718805
JAHA - Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis - https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.125.042670
JAMA Network Open - Asymptomatic Human Infections With Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Confirmed by Molecular and Serologic Testing - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2840680
Journal of Dairy Science - Exploring influenza A virus receptor distribution in the lactating mammary gland of domesticated livestock and in human breast tissue - https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(25)00971-3/fulltext
Nature - scientific reports - Detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus RNA in filth flies collected from California farms in 2024 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29856-9
Science - Avian-origin influenza A viruses tolerate elevated pyrexic temperatures in mammals - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq4691
Science Direct - Virology - Evidence of novel reassortment in clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza H5N1 viruses, India, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2025.110482
Avian Flu Diary - Nature Sci Rpts: Detection of H5N1 HPAI virus RNA in filth flies collected from California farms in 2024 - https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2025/11/nature-sci-rpts-detection-of-h5n1-hpai.html
Avian Flu Diary - Preprint: Detection and Isolation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI Virus from Ticks (Ornithodoros maritimus) - https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2025/11/preprint-detection-and-isolation-of.html
FluTrackers - Cumulative U.S. Avian Flu Forums by State (poultry, mammals, wild birds) - Confirmations by USDA & state governments - https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/united-states/h5n1-tracking-af
ProPublica - What the U.S. Government Is Dismissing That Could Seed a Bird Flu Pandemic - Experts say ProPublica’s analysis offers a plausible explanation for how the wind could have helped spread the virus - November 18, 2025 - https://www.propublica.org/article/bird-flu-airborne-usda-pandemic